Microeconomics

Price Elasticity of Demand Calculator

Divide the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price to find the price elasticity of demand.

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  • Updated for 2026

Quantity & price change

%
%

Enter the percentage changes to see the elasticity.

Worked example

With these example inputs:

  • % change in quantity demanded15%
  • % change in price10%

Price elasticity of demand: 1.50

  • % change in quantity15
  • % change in price10

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What this price elasticity calculator does

This calculator shows your price elasticity of demand. You enter the percent change in quantity and in price. The tool then divides one by the other. So you see how demand reacts to price. It returns a simple number. The result is a plain figure.

What price elasticity is

Price elasticity measures how demand responds to price. It compares the change in quantity to the change in price. So it shows how sensitive buyers are. A small number means demand barely moves. A large number means it swings a lot. This tool puts a value on it.

How it is calculated

The tool takes your change in quantity. It divides it by the change in price. So the two percent changes form a ratio. A bigger quantity swing lifts the result. The result is your price elasticity of demand. The calculator takes care of this for you.

What the result tells you

The result shows your price elasticity of demand. A fifteen percent quantity change over a ten percent price change gives one point five. A value above one means elastic demand. A value below one means inelastic. So it shows how buyers react. It is a clean, clear result.

The change in quantity

Your change in quantity is the percent shift in demand. It is how much buyers buy more or less. A bigger quantity change lifts the result. So this number drives the ratio. Use the percent change in units sold. It is the top of the ratio. Enter your change in quantity.

The change in price

Your change in price is the percent shift in price. It is how much the price moved. A bigger price change lowers the result. So this number is the base of the ratio. Use the percent change in price. It is the bottom of the ratio. Enter your change in price.

Elastic versus inelastic

A value above one means demand is elastic. Buyers react strongly to a price change. So a price rise cuts sales a lot. A value below one means inelastic. Then demand barely moves with price. The line between them sits at one.

Why this matters

Elasticity guides how you should price a product. For inelastic goods a price rise can lift revenue. So buyers keep buying despite the cost. For elastic goods a price rise can backfire. It helps you set the right price. Use it before you change a price.

How businesses use it

Firms use elasticity to plan pricing and sales. They test how a change will hit demand. So they avoid a costly price mistake. It also guides discounts and promotions. Staples tend to be inelastic. Luxuries tend to be elastic.

How to use it

Enter your change in quantity first. Add the change in price. Read the elasticity as a number. Then judge if it is elastic. Try a different price change. Compare two products. Use it to guide your pricing.

A final tip

Use this to understand your buyers. Remember the sign is often dropped for clarity. Real demand depends on more than price. Income and tastes also shift it. Test small price changes first. Do not rely on one figure alone. Elasticity is a guide, not a rule.

Frequently asked questions

How is price elasticity of demand calculated?

Divide the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. A 15% fall in quantity from a 10% price rise gives an elasticity of 1.5.

What do the values mean?

Above 1 is elastic, meaning demand reacts strongly to price. Below 1 is inelastic. Demand normally moves opposite to price, so the true sign is usually negative.